Digestion,
Mobilization, and Transport of Fatty Acids
Dietary
Fats Are Absorbed in the Small Intestine
Hormones
Trigger Mobilization of Stored Triacylglycerols
Fatty
Acids Are Activated and Transported into
Mitochondria
ß Oxidation
ß
Oxidation of Saturated Fatty Acids Has Four Basic
Steps
The Four
Steps Are Repeated to Yield Acetyl-CoA and ATP
Acetyl-CoA
Can Be Further Oxidized via the Citric Acid Cycle
BOX 16-1 Fat Bears
Carry On ß Oxidation in Their Sleep
Oxidation
of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Requires Two
Additional Reactions
Oxidation
of Odd-Chain Fatty Acids Requires Three Extra
Reactions
BOX 16-2 Coenzyme
B12: A Radical Solution to a Perplexing Problem
Fatty
Acid Oxidation Is Tightly Regulated
Peroxisomes
Also Carry Out ß Oxidation
Plant
Peroxisomes and Glyoxysomes Use Acetyl-CoA from
ß Oxidation as a Biosynthetic Precursor
The
ß-Oxidation Enzymes Have Diverged during
Evolution
Ketone Bodies
Ketone
Bodies Formed in the Liver Are Exported to Other
Organs
Extrahepatic
Tissues Use Ketone Bodies as Fuels
Ketone
Bodies Are Overproduced in Diabetes and during
Starvation
Summary
Further Reading
Problems
