Biosynthesis of
Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids
Malonyl-CoA
Is Formed from Acetyl-CoA and Bicarbonate
The
Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids Proceeds by a
Distinctive Pathway
The Fatty
Acid Synthase Complex Has Seven Different Active
Sites
Fatty Acid
Synthase Receives the Acetyl and Malonyl Groups
Before the condensation
The Fatty
Acid Synthase Reactions Are Repeated to Form
Palmitate
The Fatty
Acid Synthase of Some Organisms Is Composed of
Multifunctional Proteins
Fatty Acid
Synthesis Occurs in the Cytosol of Many Organisms
but in the Chloroplasts of Plants
Acetate
Is Shuttled out of Mitochondria as Citrate
Fatty
Acid Biosynthesis Is Tightly Regulated
Long-Chain
Fatty Acids Are Synthesized from Palmitate
Some
Fatty Acids Are Desaturated
BOX 20-1
Mixed-Function Oxidases, Oxygenases, and Cytochrome P-450
Eicosanoids
Are Formed from Arachidonate
Biosynthesis of
Triacylglycerols
Triacylglycerols
and Glycerophospholipids Are Synthesized from
Common Precursors
Triacylglycerol
Biosynthesis in Animals Is Regulated by Hormones
Biosynthesis of
Membrane Phospholipids
There Are
Two Strategies for Attaching Head Groups
Phospholipid
Synthesis in E. coli Employs CDP-Diacylglycerol
Eukaryotic
Pathways to Phosphatidylserine,
Phosphatidylethanolamine, and Phosphatidylcholine
Are Interrelated
Plasmalogen
Synthesis ftequires Formation of an Ether-Linked
Fatty Alcohol
Sphingolipid
and Glycerophospholipid Synthesis Share
Precursors and Some Mechanisms
Polar
Lipids Are Targeted to Specific Cell Membranes
Biosynthesis of
Cholesterol, Steroids, and Isoprenoids
Cholesterol
Is Made from Acetyl-CoA in Four Stages
Cholesterol
Has Several Fates
Cholesterol
and Other Lipids Are Carried on Plasma
Lipoproteins
Cholesteryl
Esters Enter Cells by Receptor-Mediated
Endocytosis
Cholesterol
Biosynthesis Is Regulated by Several Factors
Steroid
Hormones Are Formed by Side Chain Cleavage and
Oxidation
Intermediates
in Cholesterol Biosynthesis Have Many Alternative
Fates
Summary
Further Reading
Problems
